Journal: Journal of Virology

Article Title: Contributions of the Avian Influenza Virus HA, NA, and M2 Surface Proteins to the Induction of Neutralizing Antibodies and Protective Immunity ▿

doi: 10.1128/JVI.02135-09

Figure Lengend Snippet: NDV- and HPAIV-specific serum antibody responses in chickens at 21 days following oculonasal immunization with the indicated rNDVs administered individually or in combination. NDV-specific serum antibody responses were determined by commercial NDV ELISA (A) and HI assay (B), whereas HPAIV-specific antibody responses were determined by AIV HI (C) and NAI assays (D). All antibody titers are expressed as mean reciprocal log2 titer ± SEM (standard error of the mean), and the sample titers above the dotted line were considered positive. In the NDV ELISA (A), antibody titers were expressed as an S/P (sample/positive) ratio and titers above 0.3 (dotted line) were considered NDV positive. In the NDV (B) and HPAIV (C) 7 assays, titers were expressed as mean reciprocal log2 titer, and titers above 1.0 log2 (dotted line) were considered positive. In the HPAIV-specific NAI assay (D), antibody titers were expressed as the mean of the reciprocal log2 titer at which a 50% reduction of NA activity was observed, and titers above 1.0 log2 (dotted line) were considered positive. Statistical differences were calculated by one-way ANOVA with P < 0.001 in the NDV ELISA (A) and P < 0.0001 in the NDV HI (B), AIV HI (C), and AIV NAI (D) assays, respectively.

Article Snippet: Commercial AIV NP ELISA and NDV ELISA kits (Synbiotics Corporation, San Diego, CA) were used to detect antibodies against the NP antigen of AIV and whole-NDV antigens of rNDVs.

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, HI Assay, Hi-C, Activity Assay

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Alocasia cucullata Exhibits Strong Antitumor Effect In Vivo by Activating Antitumor Immunity

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075328

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Representative flow cytometric diagrams that showed the distributions of THP-1 cells with respect to expression of surface markers, CD14 and CD11b, under control (no treatment), PMA and AC treatment. (B) The ratio of surface marker positive THP-1 cells (left panel) and the fluorescence intensity of the surface markers (right panel) obtained from the flow cytometric diagrams. Data are shown as mean ± S.D. averaged from three independent experiments. *p<0.05, **p<0.01 vs control group. (C) ELISA analysis of IL-1β and TNF-α expression in THP-1 cells treated with AC at 2 mg/ml for 48 hours. Data are shown as mean ± S.D. averaged from two independent experiments. *p<0.05, **p<0.01 vs. control group.

Article Snippet: To measure the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in the AC-treated THP-1 cells, the culture media was collected and analyzed using the sandwich human ELISA kit (Excell Biology, China) according to manufacturer’s protocol.

Techniques: Expressing, Control, Marker, Fluorescence, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay